{
  "title": "Imladri DB sandbox multi-scale matrix",
  "generatedAt": "2026-05-15T16:03:35.833Z",
  "result": [
    {
      "label": "100M",
      "artifact": "tmp/benchmarks/db-sandbox-scale-benchmark-2026-05-14T20-36-00-253Z.json",
      "generatedAt": "2026-05-14T20:36:00.252Z",
      "relation": "public.imladri_bench_customers_100m",
      "rows": 100000000,
      "totalBytes": 14212325376,
      "totalGiB": 13.24,
      "coverage": {
        "relation": "public.imladri_bench_customers_100m",
        "requestedRows": "100000000",
        "generatedIdWidth": "9",
        "coverageMode": "numeric-expression-index",
        "coverageIndex": "imladri_bench_customers_100m_numeric_id_e12a9896af_uidx",
        "coverageChunks": "2",
        "coverageChunkRows": "50000000",
        "outsideRangeRows": "0",
        "exactRows": "100000000",
        "validGeneratedIds": "100000000",
        "invalidGeneratedIds": "0",
        "minGeneratedId": "1",
        "maxGeneratedId": "100000000",
        "expectedMinGeneratedId": "1",
        "expectedMaxGeneratedId": "100000000",
        "idCoverageComplete": true,
        "sourceFingerprint": "de0ae5679fe35e9c91943ee1decb8e93d4385c4588977d11985fe16779e5c1e8",
        "capturedAt": "2026-05-14T20:35:57.960Z"
      },
      "summary": {
        "caseName": "storage_cow",
        "strategy": "storage_branch",
        "backend": "postgres_copy_on_write_schema",
        "samples": 20,
        "createMs": {
          "min": 17.92,
          "p50": 19.4,
          "p95": 32.43,
          "max": 490.89
        },
        "transactionMs": {
          "min": 9.91,
          "p50": 11.19,
          "p95": 15.31,
          "max": 97.78
        },
        "cleanupMs": {
          "min": 7.76,
          "p50": 9.22,
          "p95": 36.95,
          "max": 37.53
        },
        "sourceMutationCountMax": 0,
        "proofScore": "6/6"
      },
      "samples": [
        {
          "iteration": 1,
          "createMs": 490.89,
          "transactionMs": 97.78,
          "cleanupMs": 37.53,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        },
        {
          "iteration": 2,
          "createMs": 19.49,
          "transactionMs": 14.56,
          "cleanupMs": 9.26,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        },
        {
          "iteration": 3,
          "createMs": 18.51,
          "transactionMs": 12.78,
          "cleanupMs": 8.65,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        },
        {
          "iteration": 4,
          "createMs": 32.43,
          "transactionMs": 12.46,
          "cleanupMs": 9.57,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        },
        {
          "iteration": 5,
          "createMs": 20.01,
          "transactionMs": 11.92,
          "cleanupMs": 9.84,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        },
        {
          "iteration": 6,
          "createMs": 19.51,
          "transactionMs": 11.58,
          "cleanupMs": 10.42,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        },
        {
          "iteration": 7,
          "createMs": 18.69,
          "transactionMs": 11.97,
          "cleanupMs": 7.92,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        },
        {
          "iteration": 8,
          "createMs": 19.65,
          "transactionMs": 13.16,
          "cleanupMs": 11.69,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        },
        {
          "iteration": 9,
          "createMs": 19.65,
          "transactionMs": 11.52,
          "cleanupMs": 7.76,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        },
        {
          "iteration": 10,
          "createMs": 21.3,
          "transactionMs": 9.94,
          "cleanupMs": 9.22,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        },
        {
          "iteration": 11,
          "createMs": 19.55,
          "transactionMs": 9.91,
          "cleanupMs": 7.94,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        },
        {
          "iteration": 12,
          "createMs": 18.48,
          "transactionMs": 11.04,
          "cleanupMs": 9.47,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        },
        {
          "iteration": 13,
          "createMs": 18.9,
          "transactionMs": 10.74,
          "cleanupMs": 8.81,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        },
        {
          "iteration": 14,
          "createMs": 19.12,
          "transactionMs": 10.17,
          "cleanupMs": 36.95,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        },
        {
          "iteration": 15,
          "createMs": 18.63,
          "transactionMs": 15.31,
          "cleanupMs": 9.2,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        },
        {
          "iteration": 16,
          "createMs": 17.92,
          "transactionMs": 11.19,
          "cleanupMs": 9.14,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        },
        {
          "iteration": 17,
          "createMs": 18.62,
          "transactionMs": 10.5,
          "cleanupMs": 9.69,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        },
        {
          "iteration": 18,
          "createMs": 19.66,
          "transactionMs": 11.07,
          "cleanupMs": 8.86,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        },
        {
          "iteration": 19,
          "createMs": 19.4,
          "transactionMs": 10.9,
          "cleanupMs": 9.01,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        },
        {
          "iteration": 20,
          "createMs": 18.64,
          "transactionMs": 10.82,
          "cleanupMs": 9.79,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "label": "1B",
      "artifact": "tmp/benchmarks/db-sandbox-scale-benchmark-2026-05-15T03-40-24-390Z.json",
      "generatedAt": "2026-05-15T03:40:24.380Z",
      "relation": "public.imladri_bench_customers_1b",
      "rows": 1000000000,
      "totalBytes": 146745057280,
      "totalGiB": 136.67,
      "coverage": {
        "relation": "public.imladri_bench_customers_1b",
        "requestedRows": "1000000000",
        "generatedIdWidth": "10",
        "coverageMode": "numeric-expression-index",
        "coverageIndex": "imladri_bench_customers_1b_numeric_id_5e74245a8c_uidx",
        "coverageChunks": "20",
        "coverageChunkRows": "50000000",
        "outsideRangeRows": "0",
        "exactRows": "1000000000",
        "validGeneratedIds": "1000000000",
        "invalidGeneratedIds": "0",
        "minGeneratedId": "1",
        "maxGeneratedId": "1000000000",
        "expectedMinGeneratedId": "1",
        "expectedMaxGeneratedId": "1000000000",
        "idCoverageComplete": true,
        "sourceFingerprint": "bfb1dbf57cff36c4c011d9691286bd641223cf20db003ef7b63a2b866d3ea4dc",
        "capturedAt": "2026-05-15T03:40:18.389Z"
      },
      "summary": {
        "caseName": "storage_cow",
        "strategy": "storage_branch",
        "backend": "postgres_copy_on_write_schema",
        "samples": 20,
        "createMs": {
          "min": 27.22,
          "p50": 30.53,
          "p95": 56.09,
          "max": 3334.52
        },
        "transactionMs": {
          "min": 8.78,
          "p50": 12.47,
          "p95": 21.62,
          "max": 276.86
        },
        "cleanupMs": {
          "min": 7.84,
          "p50": 9.03,
          "p95": 32.51,
          "max": 93.09
        },
        "sourceMutationCountMax": 0,
        "proofScore": "6/6"
      },
      "samples": [
        {
          "iteration": 1,
          "createMs": 3334.52,
          "transactionMs": 276.86,
          "cleanupMs": 93.09,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        },
        {
          "iteration": 2,
          "createMs": 33.16,
          "transactionMs": 16.94,
          "cleanupMs": 11.8,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        },
        {
          "iteration": 3,
          "createMs": 29.68,
          "transactionMs": 16.66,
          "cleanupMs": 15.57,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        },
        {
          "iteration": 4,
          "createMs": 32.15,
          "transactionMs": 20.01,
          "cleanupMs": 11.31,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        },
        {
          "iteration": 5,
          "createMs": 30.53,
          "transactionMs": 9.62,
          "cleanupMs": 19.78,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        },
        {
          "iteration": 6,
          "createMs": 37.16,
          "transactionMs": 12.47,
          "cleanupMs": 10.19,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        },
        {
          "iteration": 7,
          "createMs": 35.08,
          "transactionMs": 21.62,
          "cleanupMs": 32.51,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        },
        {
          "iteration": 8,
          "createMs": 28.12,
          "transactionMs": 8.78,
          "cleanupMs": 7.84,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        },
        {
          "iteration": 9,
          "createMs": 29.29,
          "transactionMs": 13.1,
          "cleanupMs": 14.66,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        },
        {
          "iteration": 10,
          "createMs": 36.19,
          "transactionMs": 12.89,
          "cleanupMs": 7.93,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        },
        {
          "iteration": 11,
          "createMs": 36.5,
          "transactionMs": 12.86,
          "cleanupMs": 10.45,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        },
        {
          "iteration": 12,
          "createMs": 28.28,
          "transactionMs": 11.41,
          "cleanupMs": 8.4,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        },
        {
          "iteration": 13,
          "createMs": 30.8,
          "transactionMs": 18.38,
          "cleanupMs": 7.99,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        },
        {
          "iteration": 14,
          "createMs": 29.03,
          "transactionMs": 11,
          "cleanupMs": 8.6,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        },
        {
          "iteration": 15,
          "createMs": 33.01,
          "transactionMs": 11.68,
          "cleanupMs": 8.33,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        },
        {
          "iteration": 16,
          "createMs": 29.09,
          "transactionMs": 10.82,
          "cleanupMs": 8.13,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        },
        {
          "iteration": 17,
          "createMs": 56.09,
          "transactionMs": 9.14,
          "cleanupMs": 9.03,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        },
        {
          "iteration": 18,
          "createMs": 29.42,
          "transactionMs": 13.03,
          "cleanupMs": 8.26,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        },
        {
          "iteration": 19,
          "createMs": 29.14,
          "transactionMs": 11.86,
          "cleanupMs": 11.12,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        },
        {
          "iteration": 20,
          "createMs": 27.22,
          "transactionMs": 11.7,
          "cleanupMs": 7.93,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "label": "5B",
      "artifact": "tmp/benchmarks/db-sandbox-scale-benchmark-2026-05-15T08-38-57-007Z.json",
      "generatedAt": "2026-05-15T08:38:57.004Z",
      "relation": "public.imladri_bench_customers",
      "rows": 5000000000,
      "totalBytes": 853558345728,
      "totalGiB": 794.94,
      "coverage": {
        "relation": "public.imladri_bench_customers",
        "requestedRows": "5000000000",
        "generatedIdWidth": "10",
        "coverageMode": "numeric-expression-index",
        "coverageIndex": "imladri_bench_customers_numeric_id_uidx",
        "coverageChunks": "100",
        "coverageChunkRows": "50000000",
        "outsideRangeRows": "0",
        "exactRows": "5000000000",
        "validGeneratedIds": "5000000000",
        "invalidGeneratedIds": "0",
        "minGeneratedId": "1",
        "maxGeneratedId": "5000000000",
        "expectedMinGeneratedId": "1",
        "expectedMaxGeneratedId": "5000000000",
        "idCoverageComplete": true,
        "sourceFingerprint": "063c20e5dd1e88e59793971300217f1f0105bcecfadb26b59323aa036fa5daf4",
        "capturedAt": "2026-05-15T08:38:36.590Z"
      },
      "summary": {
        "caseName": "storage_cow",
        "strategy": "storage_branch",
        "backend": "postgres_copy_on_write_schema",
        "samples": 20,
        "createMs": {
          "min": 62.23,
          "p50": 65.17,
          "p95": 231.67,
          "max": 16217.07
        },
        "transactionMs": {
          "min": 7.97,
          "p50": 9.52,
          "p95": 21.37,
          "max": 163.47
        },
        "cleanupMs": {
          "min": 7.12,
          "p50": 8.34,
          "p95": 9.86,
          "max": 128.47
        },
        "sourceMutationCountMax": 0,
        "proofScore": "6/6"
      },
      "samples": [
        {
          "iteration": 1,
          "createMs": 16217.07,
          "transactionMs": 163.47,
          "cleanupMs": 128.47,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        },
        {
          "iteration": 2,
          "createMs": 62.23,
          "transactionMs": 21.37,
          "cleanupMs": 9.47,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        },
        {
          "iteration": 3,
          "createMs": 66.71,
          "transactionMs": 11.78,
          "cleanupMs": 8.23,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        },
        {
          "iteration": 4,
          "createMs": 63.3,
          "transactionMs": 10.87,
          "cleanupMs": 8.1,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        },
        {
          "iteration": 5,
          "createMs": 65,
          "transactionMs": 11.11,
          "cleanupMs": 9.86,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        },
        {
          "iteration": 6,
          "createMs": 64.19,
          "transactionMs": 8.17,
          "cleanupMs": 7.12,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        },
        {
          "iteration": 7,
          "createMs": 62.93,
          "transactionMs": 8.98,
          "cleanupMs": 8.09,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        },
        {
          "iteration": 8,
          "createMs": 65.77,
          "transactionMs": 13.04,
          "cleanupMs": 7.68,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        },
        {
          "iteration": 9,
          "createMs": 79.47,
          "transactionMs": 9.15,
          "cleanupMs": 7.85,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        },
        {
          "iteration": 10,
          "createMs": 89.48,
          "transactionMs": 9.01,
          "cleanupMs": 9.44,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        },
        {
          "iteration": 11,
          "createMs": 63.51,
          "transactionMs": 10.55,
          "cleanupMs": 8.13,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        },
        {
          "iteration": 12,
          "createMs": 63.71,
          "transactionMs": 8.26,
          "cleanupMs": 7.68,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        },
        {
          "iteration": 13,
          "createMs": 63.74,
          "transactionMs": 9.44,
          "cleanupMs": 8.69,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        },
        {
          "iteration": 14,
          "createMs": 65.17,
          "transactionMs": 8.12,
          "cleanupMs": 8.34,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        },
        {
          "iteration": 15,
          "createMs": 231.67,
          "transactionMs": 9.52,
          "cleanupMs": 9.59,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        },
        {
          "iteration": 16,
          "createMs": 66.31,
          "transactionMs": 7.97,
          "cleanupMs": 9.85,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        },
        {
          "iteration": 17,
          "createMs": 93.74,
          "transactionMs": 9.63,
          "cleanupMs": 8.43,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        },
        {
          "iteration": 18,
          "createMs": 65.53,
          "transactionMs": 9.84,
          "cleanupMs": 7.99,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        },
        {
          "iteration": 19,
          "createMs": 67.08,
          "transactionMs": 9.97,
          "cleanupMs": 8.36,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        },
        {
          "iteration": 20,
          "createMs": 63.19,
          "transactionMs": 8.97,
          "cleanupMs": 8.65,
          "sourceMutationCount": 0,
          "proofScore": "6/6"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "investigation": {
    "hypothesis": "5B create p50/p95 widened because branch creation records source fingerprints using pg_total_relation_size/pg_indexes_size metadata over a much larger relation and index set; cold-cache metadata probes were visible across all scales and largest on the 5B source.",
    "metadataProbe": [
      {
        "relation": "public.imladri_bench_customers_100m",
        "rows": 100000000,
        "totalBytes": 16458522624,
        "tableBytes": 11055316992,
        "indexBytes": 5400461312,
        "timingsMs": [
          4897.01,
          6.22,
          8.12,
          5.81,
          6.26,
          6.55,
          5.3,
          8.42,
          5.96,
          5.35,
          7.91,
          5.71,
          7.82,
          5.5,
          5.52,
          7.88,
          5.37,
          7.46,
          6.01,
          5.37
        ],
        "p50Ms": 6.01,
        "p95Ms": 8.42,
        "maxMs": 4897.01
      },
      {
        "relation": "public.imladri_bench_customers_1b",
        "rows": 1000000000,
        "totalBytes": 169206685696,
        "tableBytes": 115174350848,
        "indexBytes": 54003998720,
        "timingsMs": [
          4489.33,
          16.92,
          16.15,
          15.45,
          15.87,
          25.01,
          17.03,
          16.63,
          16.61,
          15.51,
          15.59,
          15.3,
          15.32,
          15.35,
          15.86,
          14.52,
          14.06,
          14.79,
          14.97,
          15.62
        ],
        "p50Ms": 15.59,
        "p95Ms": 25.01,
        "maxMs": 4489.33
      },
      {
        "relation": "public.imladri_bench_customers",
        "rows": 5000000000,
        "totalBytes": 853558345728,
        "tableBytes": 583395065856,
        "indexBytes": 270019846144,
        "timingsMs": [
          14317.76,
          60.58,
          184.97,
          161.91,
          112.15,
          64.35,
          63.71,
          63.7,
          75.6,
          106.84,
          60.64,
          75.94,
          54.28,
          59.88,
          90.32,
          53.77,
          58.03,
          53.28,
          58.14,
          57.58
        ],
        "p50Ms": 63.7,
        "p95Ms": 184.97,
        "maxMs": 14317.76
      }
    ],
    "interpretation": [
      "All scale artifacts passed complete numeric coverage, 20 storage-COW samples, 0 source mutations, and 6/6 proof.",
      "The first branch create was cold at every scale and is reported as max, not p95.",
      "The 5B p95 is the second-highest create sample, not a correctness failure.",
      "Read-only metadata probing reproduced the same size-shaped latency curve: about 6ms p50 at 100M, 15.59ms at 1B, and 63.7ms at 5B."
    ]
  }
}